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DTorial: An interactive tutorial framework for blind
users in a Web 2.0 world
Joshua Hailpern
1
, Loretta Guarino Reid
2
, Richard Boardman
2
1
University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign. 201 N Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801
2
Google. 1600 Amphitheatre Pky, Mtn. View, CA 94043, USA
1
2
[lorettaguarino, richb]@google.com
Abstract. Effective tutorial systems can help promote products by reducing
barriers of learning new applications. With dynamic web applications becoming
as complex as desktop programs, there is a growing need for online
tutorial/help systems. For visually impaired users the key limitations of
traditional help systems are 1) poor access to help content with assistive
technology, and 2) frequent reliance on videos/images to identify parts of web
applications and demonstrate functionality. In this paper, we present a new
interaction model, targeted towards screen-reader users, that describes how to
embed an interactive tutorial within a web application. The interaction model is
demonstrated within a system called DTorial, a fully functional dynamic audio-
based tutorial with embedded content. While remaining within the web
application, users can rapidly access any tutorial content, injected inline near
relevant application controls, allowing them to quickly apply what they just
heard to the application itself, without ever losing their position or having to
shift windows. The model and implementation are grounded in sighted user
help-systems literature and an analysis of screen-reader and Web-Application
interactions. Lessons learned from the incremental design and evaluations
indicate that providing visually impaired users with dynamic, embedded,
interactive audio-based tutorial systems can reduce the barriers to new Web-
Applications.
Keywords: Tutorial, Help Systems, Web 2.0, Screen Reader, Blind, Visually
Impaired, Interactive Tutorial, Dynamic Content.
1 Introduction
There are many challenges that arise when ensuring equal opportunity access [6, 18,
25] for visually impaired and blind users. Even with state of the art tools (e.g., screen
readers), one major hurdle for this community is the adoption of new software.
Visually impaired users must rely upon recall to remember the available interface
options. Creating such a mental model is a time consuming process. This process is
complicated by industry’s adoption of Web 2.0 applications (e.g. Dynamic Webmail,
Web Document Editing, etc), complex and dynamic online programs that challenge
users to use a computer in a completely new way: introducing multiple modes of
interaction, including one not in the vernacular of most screen-reader users. While
literature would encourage the use of tutorials [23] existing mechanisms (e.g., video,
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Sommario

Pagina 1 - 1 Introduction

DTorial: An interactive tutorial framework for blind users in a Web 2.0 world Joshua Hailpern1, Loretta Guarino Reid2, Richard Boardman2 1 Universit

Pagina 2

6.4 Users Requested Both Upfront Tutorial and Embedded Help System At the conclusion of our user studies many participants liked DTorial. However m

Pagina 3

Because listening is slower than reading, verbose language slows reading down, and if rushed, may skip sections not realizing where the vital materia

Pagina 4

Because there is such a burden on these users for adopting new technology, it is incumbent upon us as researchers to explore new techniques and techn

Pagina 5

[11] Comeau, J.-M. and Milton, P. R. A window-based help, tutorial and documentation system. In Proceedings of SIGDOC (Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, 199

Pagina 7

flash and text+image) rely on visual presentations of context inaccessible to the VIU. Further, traditional Web-based tutorial systems provide poor a

Pagina 8

accessible, with emphasis on improving Web accessibility [23, 26] for screen-reader users. There has also been rapid development of tools to help Web

Pagina 9

PCM is not familiar to the typical screen-reader user. This shift in the way the screen reader is operated is needed so that Web applications can cap

Pagina 10

•Audio Based Content - Because users rely entirely on audio cues, developers should ensure that content is presented in such a way to be fully unders

Pagina 11 - Conclusions

text and re-reading content evolved through the incremental design process, and this example is representative of the final iteration of the DTorial

Pagina 12 - References

participants were shown DTorial as the first exposure, and nine were shown the HTML version as the first exposure. DTorial went through five iteratio

Pagina 13 - Accessed Aug 2008

mode on, which confused me a couple of times... it just seems to be a lot of steps. - PP1 Because users relied on memory to recall hot keys and link

Pagina 14

one specific aspect of a program via tutorial. The random content access system can be further enhanced through tutorial searching. Designers must re

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